高中數(shù)學(xué)高考沖刺數(shù)列通項(xiàng)專題
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高中數(shù)學(xué)高考沖刺數(shù)列通項(xiàng)專題⑴利用觀察法求數(shù)列的通項(xiàng).⑵利用公式法求數(shù)列的通項(xiàng):①;②等差、等比數(shù)列公式.⑶應(yīng)用迭加(迭乘、迭代)法求數(shù)列的通項(xiàng):①;②⑶構(gòu)造等差、等比數(shù)列求通項(xiàng):;②;③;④.[示例]已知下列各數(shù)列的前n項(xiàng)和的公式為,求的通項(xiàng)公式。題型一利用公式法求通項(xiàng)[例]數(shù)列{an}的前n項(xiàng)和記為Sn,a1=1,an+1=2Sn+1(n≥1).(1)求{an}的通項(xiàng)公式;(2)等差數(shù)列{bn}的各項(xiàng)為正數(shù),前n項(xiàng)和為Tn,且T3=15,又a1+b1,a2+b2,a3+b3成等比數(shù)列,求Tn. [練3]數(shù)列{an}是公差大于零的等差數(shù)列,,是方程的兩根。數(shù)列的前項(xiàng)和為,且,求數(shù)列,的通項(xiàng)公式。3.已知數(shù)列{a}中,a=-1,a·a=a-a,則數(shù)列通項(xiàng)a=___________。[例]已知的首項(xiàng),,求的通項(xiàng)公式,并求的值。題型二應(yīng)用迭加(迭乘、迭代)法求通項(xiàng)[練1]數(shù)列中,,則數(shù)列的通項(xiàng)() [練2]已知為數(shù)列的前項(xiàng)和,,,求數(shù)列的通項(xiàng)公式.[例]數(shù)列中,,且,則()題型三構(gòu)造等比數(shù)列求通項(xiàng)[練1]數(shù)列中,,求通項(xiàng)公式。 [例]已知數(shù)列中,,求數(shù)列的通項(xiàng)公式.[練2]設(shè)數(shù)列的前項(xiàng)和為,已知,設(shè),求數(shù)列的通項(xiàng)公式. 數(shù)列求和方法基本數(shù)列的前項(xiàng)和⑴等差數(shù)列的前項(xiàng)和:⑵等比數(shù)列的前項(xiàng)和:①當(dāng)時(shí),;②當(dāng)時(shí),;2.數(shù)列求和的常用方法:公式法;性質(zhì)法;拆項(xiàng)分組法;裂項(xiàng)相消法;錯(cuò)位相減法;倒序相加法.題型一公式法、性質(zhì)法求和1.已知為等比數(shù)列的前項(xiàng)和,公比,則2.等差數(shù)列中,公差,且,則. [例1]求數(shù)列的前項(xiàng)和.題型二拆項(xiàng)分組法求和[練2]在數(shù)列中,已知a1=2,an+1=4an-3n+1,n∈.(1)求數(shù)列的通項(xiàng)公式;(2)設(shè)數(shù)列的前n項(xiàng)和為Sn,求Sn。[練].求數(shù)列的前項(xiàng)和.[例].求和:.題型三裂項(xiàng)相消法求和[例].求和:.[例]求和: ][練4]已知數(shù)列滿足求數(shù)列的通項(xiàng)公式。(2)若數(shù)列滿足,求數(shù)列的通項(xiàng)公式。(3)若,求數(shù)列的前n項(xiàng)和?!臼纠恳詀1為首項(xiàng)等比數(shù)列,q為公比,前n項(xiàng)和Sn的推導(dǎo)題型四錯(cuò)位相減法求和[例].設(shè)數(shù)列為求此數(shù)列前項(xiàng)的和 [例].設(shè)數(shù)列{an}滿足a1+3a2+32a3+…+3n-1an=,n∈N*.(1)求數(shù)列{an}的通項(xiàng)公式;(2)設(shè)bn=,求數(shù)列{bn}的前n項(xiàng)和Sn.[練1]已知數(shù)列、滿足,,,。求數(shù)列的通項(xiàng)公式;(2)數(shù)列滿足,求。[練4]等比數(shù)列中,已知對任意自然數(shù)n,,求的值課后練習(xí) 1設(shè)正項(xiàng)等比數(shù)列的首項(xiàng),前n項(xiàng)和為,且。(Ⅰ)求的通項(xiàng);(Ⅱ)求的前n項(xiàng)和。2數(shù)列的前項(xiàng)和記為求的通項(xiàng)公式; 3在數(shù)列{an}與{bn}中,a1=1,b1=4,數(shù)列{an}的前n項(xiàng)和Sn滿足nSn+1-(n+3)Sn=0,n∈N*.(1)求a2,的值;(2)求數(shù)列{an}通項(xiàng)公式;4設(shè)數(shù)列的前項(xiàng)和為,對任意的正整數(shù),都有成立,記。求數(shù)列的通項(xiàng)公式5設(shè)數(shù)列{an}的前n項(xiàng)和為Sn,且對任意正整數(shù)n,an+Sn=4096.(1)求數(shù)列{an}的通項(xiàng)公式:(2)設(shè)數(shù)列{log2an}的前n項(xiàng)和為Tn.對數(shù)列{Tn},從第幾項(xiàng)起Tn<-509? 6設(shè)數(shù)列{an}的前n項(xiàng)和…。(1)求首項(xiàng)a1求證是等比數(shù)列(2)求數(shù)列{an}的通項(xiàng)公式7設(shè)等差數(shù)列{}的前項(xiàng)和為,公比是正數(shù)的等比數(shù)列{}的前項(xiàng)和為,已知的通項(xiàng)公式.8已知數(shù)列{}的前n項(xiàng)和,數(shù)列{}的前n項(xiàng)和(Ⅰ)求數(shù)列{}與{}的通項(xiàng)公式;(Ⅱ)設(shè),證明:當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)n≥3時(shí),. 9等比數(shù)列{}的前n項(xiàng)和為,已知對任意的,點(diǎn),均在函數(shù)且均為常數(shù))的圖像上.(1)求r的值;(11)當(dāng)b=2時(shí),記求數(shù)列的前項(xiàng)和10設(shè)數(shù)列的前n項(xiàng)和為對任意的正整數(shù)n,都有成立,記求數(shù)列與數(shù)列的通項(xiàng)公式;
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高中數(shù)學(xué)高考沖刺數(shù)列通項(xiàng)專題