考點分類練(八)　主旨大意題——標題歸納類A(2021·山東濟寧一模)Duringadeclineintourism,onenationalparkinThailandhasseenadramaticrisein“visitors”recently.Somanyarethehermitcrabs(寄居蟹)floodingintotheotherwiseemptybeachesofKohLantathatshellsforthemtoliveinhavebecomeinshortsupply.TheThaigovernmentmovedquicklytoeasethehousingshortage,launchingapublicappealforemptyshellsthatnettedover200kg.OnDecember5theseweredistributedaroundtheparkinaceremony.Hermitcrabsrelyonshellstoprotecttheirsoftbodies,movingtolargershellsastheygrow.OnKohLantaandthesurroundingsmallerislands,theirrapidincreaseseemstobeanaturalphenomenon,ratherthandirectlyrelatedtotheabsenceoftourists.Buttheshortageofshellsmaybeman-made:prettyoneshavelongbeengatheredtobesoldasgoods.Crabsbeguntomakedowithpotentialdeath-trapssuchasplasticcapsandbottles.Theshelldriveispartofagovernmentinitiativetoregainthebalanceofnature.“Ihaveinstructedallnationalparkstodowhateverittakes,”saystheministerfornaturalresources.Hisinspirationcomesfromthepauseintourismbroughtonbytheepidemic.Abanoninternationalvisitorsandtheclosureofnationalparkshavehelpednaturerecover,bringingendangeredleatherbackturtlesbackontoThaibeaches.InthecoastalprovincesofPhangNgaandPhuket,turtleshavelaidthelargestnumberofeggsfor20years.Thegovernmenthasdecidedtotrytocopythepolicyduringtheepidemicinfuture.Fromnowon,allnationalparkswillberequiredtocloseforashortperiodduringtheoff-seasonandtolimitthenumberoftouriststhroughareservationsystemwhentheyareopen.Althoughsuchrestrictionsmeanreducedearningsfromtourismintheshortterm,inthelongerrunmoreparksmayhelptokeepthetouristscoming.1.WhathappenedtothebeachesofKohLantarecently?A.Theygotfloodedbyseawater.B.Theybecamecompletelyempty.C.Theywerepackedwithhermitcrabs.D.Theysawaconstantstreamoftourists.2.Whatcontributedtothehousingshortageforhermitcrabs?A.Naturaldisasters.B.Humanactivities.C.Theirpreferenceforbottles.D.Thegovernment’sinvolvement.3.Whyareturtlesmentionedinparagraph4?A.Towarnturtlesaredyingout.B.Toprovebeachesaretheiridealhabitats.C.TostresstheecologicaldiversityofThailand.D.Toillustratethebirthoftheminister’sinspiration.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.DevelopingEconomyorProtectingAnimals?B.ClosingNationalParksorDrawingMoreVisitors? C.GovernmentsAreResponsiblefortheBalanceofNatureD.AuthoritiesHelptoFindSheltersforHomelessHermitCrabsB(2021·山東煙臺一模)Manyteachersbelievefrequentquizzes(小測驗)helpstudentsbettergraspclassroommaterial.Crede,anassociateprofessorofpsychology,wasskepticalthatsomethingassimpleasaquizcouldpositivelyaffectstudents’academicperformance.Hedecidedtodigdeeperandconductananalyticstudyofexistingresearchtoseeiftherewasanyproofoftheidea.Whathediscoveredtrulysurprisedhim.Credeanalyseddatafrompreviouslypublishedstudiesthatexamined52classeswithalmost8,000students,todetermineiffrequentquizzesimprovedthestudents’academicperformance.LaboratorysettingswerekeptoutofthestudybecauseCredewantedtoobservewhethersimilarstudiesfromlabswouldapplytogeneralclassrooms.Credediscoveredthatwhenstudentswerequizzedoverclassroommaterialatleastonceaweek,theytendedtoperformbetteronmidtermandfinalexamscomparedtostudentswhodidnottakequizzes.Healsofoundthatstudentswhotookfrequentquizzeswerelesslikelytofailtheclass,especiallyiftheywerestrugglingwiththecoursecontent.Studentswhostruggledthemostinaclassseemedtobenefitthegreatestfromfrequentquizzes.Theothersurprisingthingwashowmuchquizzeshelpedreducefailureratesinclasses.Thechancesofpassingaclasswentthroughtheroofwhereinstructorsusedthis.Inadditiontoquizfrequency,anotherfactorthatseemedtopositivelyaffectstudents’performancewasimmediatefeedbackfrominstructors.Also,quizzesthatrequiredstudentstoanswerwithwrittenresponsesprovedmorebeneficialtotheirunderstandingofclassroommaterialcomparedtomultiple-choicequestions.Askingteacherstogradewrittenquizzesdailyorweeklymaydiscouragesomefromcarryingthemoutintheirclasses.Instead,itisrecommendedthatinstructorsgiveonlinequizzesthatcanbeautomaticallygradedbyacoursemanagementsystem.Quizattributes(屬性)provedinsignificantinthestudy,includingwhetherthetestswerepopquizzesorplanned,oriftheywereonlineoronpaper.5.WhatdidCrededotoensurehisstudy’saccuracy?A.Hefocusedonwhathappenedinclassrooms.B.Heresearchedasmanystudentsashecould.C.Hemadelaboratorysettingsasrealaspossible.D.Hegaveeasyquizzestomakeeverystudentdowell.6.WhatdidCredediscoverinhisstudy?A.Frequentquizzescouldremovestudents’failureinclasses.B.Instructors’feedbackwasmoreimportantthanfrequentquizzes.C.Frequentquizzeswereespeciallyusefultothestrugglingstudents.D.Multiple-choicequestionsshouldn’tbeincludedinfrequentquizzes.7.Whatmaybeadisadvantageoffrequentquizzesforteachers?A.AccessingtheInternetlessfrequently.B.Havingtoomanyexampaperstomark.C.Beingunabletogetappropriatetestmaterial.D.Findingithardtochoosetherighttype. 8.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.QuizzesStimulateaPassionforCreationB.QuizzesImproveAcademicPerformanceC.QuizzesCreateaHeavyBurdenD.QuizzesIncreaseBoredomC(2021·安徽安慶高三二模)Becomingaparentbringsoutthebestinmanyanimals.Althoughparentingisusuallylefttothefemales,themalesfrommanyspecieswillalsocarefortheoffspring.Takeanemonefish(?？~)forexample.Despitetheirsmallersize,themaleshelpthefemalesdefendthenest,butonlythemalestakecareofit.Theyusetheirfinsasfanstoprovideaconstantflowofoxygenandkeepthesurroundingsclean.Theyalsoputalotofeffortintothenest.Theeggstakeaboutfivedaystohatch.Duringthisimportantperiod,themalesfanthemtoprovideoxygenandremovetherubbish.Theyalsopickuptheeggsintheirmouthsandmovethemaroundtoremoveanybacteria.Oneofthebiggestthreatscomesfromfemalesticklebacks(刺魚),whoformorganisedgroupsandattacktheneststoeatalltheeggs.Themalesdefendthenewbornfishandbringbacktheoneswhomovetoofarfromthenest.Oncethefishgrowup,theybecomealittlebitmoreindependentandstarttoswimaway.Thedadswimsafterthem,picksthemupinhismouth,andspitsthembackintohisnest.Eventually,hegetstothepointwherehecan’tkeeptrackofthemandthat’swhentheyseparate.Doting(寵愛的)fathersarenotrestrictedtotheworldoffish.Insomepoisonfrogspecies,thedadsalsowarnthemumswhentheyoungonesarehungryandneedtobefed.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“offspring”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Children.　　　　　　B.Relatives.C.Friends.D.Colleagues.10.Whatcanweinferaboutthemaleanemonefish?A.Theytakefullresponsibilityforbuildingthenest.B.Theyaremuchlargerthanthefemaleanemonefish.C.Theyareactuallyextremelyexcellentfathers.D.Theyfrequentlymakeattacksonotheranimals.11.Whatdoesitmeanwhenthedadcan’ttrackitsyoungfish?A.Thedadcan’ttendtotheyoungfish.B.Theyoungfisharealreadyindependent.C.Thelivingenvironmentisworse.D.Thedadisinastateofaging.12.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheModelFatherintheAnimalKingdomB.TheNewRoleoftheMaleAnemoneFishC.TheReallyCaringCaregiversinLifeD.AStrangePhenomenoninNature 考點分類練(八)　主旨大意題——標題歸納類【語篇導讀】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章講述了在泰國旅游業(yè)下滑期間,寄居蟹數(shù)量暴漲,政府向公眾發(fā)出呼吁,要求提供凈重超過200公斤的空殼給寄居蟹居住。1.C　解析:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“SomanyarethehermitcrabsfloodingintotheotherwiseemptybeachesofKohLantathatshellsforthemtoliveinhavebecomeinshortsupply.”可知,KohLanta海灘擠滿了寄居蟹。故選C項。2.B　解析:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Buttheshortageofshellsmaybeman-made:prettyoneshavelongbeengatheredtobesoldasgoods.”可知,是人類活動導致了寄居蟹的住房短缺。故選B項。3.D　解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Hisinspirationcomesfromthepauseintourismbroughtonbytheepidemic.Abanoninternationalvisitorsandtheclosureofnationalparkshavehelpednaturerecover,bringingendangeredleatherbackturtlesbackontoThaibeaches.”可知,他的靈感正是來源于這次的海龜拯救行動,所以提到海龜是為了說明其靈感的來源。故選D項。4.D　解析:標題歸納題。第一段提到旅游業(yè)下滑期間,許多寄居蟹涌入原本空曠的KohLanta海灘,結果供它們居住的貝殼變得供不應求;第二段提到為了解決貝殼短缺的問題,泰國政府向公眾發(fā)出呼吁,要求提供凈重超過200公斤的空殼;第三段提到人類活動導致寄居蟹所需的貝殼短缺;第四段提到政府貝殼行動的目的和靈感來源;最后一段提到泰國政府已經(jīng)決定在未來嘗試復制疫情期間的政策,使旅游業(yè)短暫休息以恢復生態(tài)。本文是一篇新聞報道,所以D項“當局幫助無家可歸的寄居蟹尋找庇護所”最適合做標題。故選D項?！編湍阃刂R】必背單詞①closuren.停業(yè);關閉重點語塊②floodinto...涌入……③inshortsupply短缺;緊缺④theoff-season淡季⑤intheshortterm短期內【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章提到一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn),經(jīng)常進行小測驗會對學生的成績有積極的影響。5.A　解析:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“LaboratorysettingswerekeptoutofthestudybecauseCredewantedtoobservewhethersimilarstudiesfromlabswouldapplytogeneralclassrooms.”可知,為確保研究的準確性,Crede排除了實驗室環(huán)境下的研究資料,而關注學生在課堂上的表現(xiàn)。故選A項。6.C　解析:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Healsofoundthatstudentswhotookfrequentquizzeswerelesslikelytofailtheclass,especiallyiftheywerestrugglingwiththecoursecontent.Studentswhostruggledthemostinaclassseemedtobenefitthegreatestfromfrequentquizzes.”可知,頻繁的小測驗對那些學習有困難的學生尤其有用。故選C項。7.B　解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Askingteacherstogradewrittenquizzesdailyorweeklymaydiscouragesomefromcarryingthemoutintheirclasses.”可知, 要求老師每天或每周給筆試打分而產(chǎn)生的工作量可能會阻礙一些老師在課堂上實施這些做法。故選B項。8.B　解析:標題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段的“Hedecidedtodigdeeperandconductananalyticstudyofexistingresearchtoseeiftherewasanyproofoftheidea.”和第三段的“Credediscoveredthatwhenstudentswerequizzedoverclassroommaterialatleastonceaweek,theytendedtoperformbetteronmidtermandfinalexamscomparedtostudentswhodidnottakequizzes.”可知,本文主要講述了Crede經(jīng)過研究證明,經(jīng)常進行小測驗會對學生成績有積極的影響,因此B項是最佳標題。故選B項。【幫你拓知識】重點語塊①associateprofessor副教授②academicperformance學業(yè)表現(xiàn)③failurerate失敗率④quizfrequency測試頻率⑤immediatefeedback及時反饋【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章以雄性海葵魚為例,講述了有的雄性動物也會不遺余力地照顧后代。9.A　解析:詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞前一句“Althoughparentingisusuallylefttothefemales,themalesfrommanyspecieswillalsocarefortheoffspring.”可推測,畫線詞意為“后代,孩子”。故選A項。10.C　解析:推理判斷題。第二段提到雄性海葵魚幫忙保護巢穴,給巢穴提供源源不斷的氧氣并保持周圍環(huán)境的清潔;第三段提到雄性?？~在卵孵化期間保持卵的清潔,保護它們不被吃掉;第四段提到雄性海葵魚保護剛出生的幼魚,并把那些離巢太遠的幼魚帶回來。由以上信息可推知,雄性海葵魚實際上是非常優(yōu)秀的父親。故選C項。11.B　解析:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Oncethefishgrowup,theybecomealittlebitmoreindependentandstarttoswimaway.Thedadswimsafterthem,picksthemupinhismouth,andspitsthembackintohisnest.Eventually,hegetstothepointwherehecan’tkeeptrackofthemandthat’swhentheyseparate.”可知,這意味著幼魚長大并獨立了。故選B項。12.A　解析:標題歸納題。根據(jù)全文內容,尤其是第一段“Becomingaparentbringsoutthebestinmanyanimals.Althoughparentingisusuallylefttothefemales,themalesfrommanyspeciesgoaboveandbeyondtocarefortheoffspring.Takeanemonefishforexample.”可知,文章以雄性?？~為例,講述了雄性動物也會不遺余力地照顧后代,因而A項“動物王國里的模范父親”是最佳標題。故選A項?！編湍阃刂R】必背單詞①(熟詞生義)fanv.扇(風)②restrictedadj.受限制的重點語塊③putalotofeffortinto...非常努力……